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ENGINEER DEPARTMENT, U. S. ARMY. 



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„Gbw *f* 



REPORT OF THE OPERATIONS 



OF THE 



U. S. STEAM DRILLING-SCOW 



IN THE 



REMOVAL OF WAY'S REEF. 



HELL GATE, NEW YORK, 



m CHARGE OP 



JOHN NEWTON, 

LIEUT. COL. OF ENGINEERS, BVT. MAJ. GEN. U. S. A. 



r , 













WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 

1875. 



,L)sr 






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United States Engineer Office, 

New York, April 9, 1875. 
General : I have respectfully to forward report of Mr. J. H. Strie- 
dinger, assistant engineer, with accompanying descriptive chart, detail- 
ing the operations of the United States Steam Drilling-Scow in the 
removal of Way's Eeef, Hell Gate, to a depth of twenty-six feet at mean 
low water, from August 4, 1874, to January 20, 1875. 

I think it proper to express my sense of the skill of Mr. Striedinger, 
displayed not only in the management of the scow and the drilling-ap- 
paratus, but likewise in the manipulation of the explosive agent used. 
Very respectfully, general, your obedient servant, 

John Newton, 
Lieut. Col. Engineers, BvL Maj. Gen. 
Brig. Gen. A. A. Humphreys, 

Chief of Engineers, U. S. A. 

[Indorsement.] 

Office of Chief of Engineers, 

May 25, 1875. 
Eespectfully submitted to the Honorable the Secretary of War. 

The report of operations in connection with the removal of Way's 
Eeef, Hell Gate, East River, New York, contains details of much 
professional interest, and, with a view to distribution, it is recommended 
that it be printed at the Congressional Printing-Office, and that two 
hundred and fifty copies be furnished this Office upon the usual requi- 
sition. 

A. A. Humphreys, 
Brig. Gen. and Chief of Engineers. 

Approved. 

By order of the Secretary of War. 

H. T. Crosby, Chief Cleric. 
War Department, May 26, 1875. 



REPORT. 



United States Steam Drilling-Scow, 

SmitWs Dock, Greenpoint, L. J., March 6, 1875. 

General : I have the honor to report upon operations of the United 
States Steam Drilling-Scow, resulting in the removal of Way's Eeef to a 
depth of twenty-six feet at mean low water, in one hundred and forty- 
two working days, from August 4, 1874, to January 20, 1875, inclusive, 
as follows : 

When drilling was commenced the maximum length of Way's Eeef 
measured two hundred and thirty-five feet, and its maximum width one 
hundred and fifteen feet within the twenty-six-foot curve, and its maxi- 
mum depth was seventeen and four-tenths feet at mean low-water. 

The reef runs in a northeasterly direction, and consists of gneiss, ver- 
tically stratified. While the scow was undergoing repairs, (the dome 
being provided with a new set of enlarged drill-pipes for allowing the 
use of larger drills, and the hull of the scow being stiffened by means of 
two keel-logs,) during the month of July, 1874, the character of the tidal 
currents was investigated, and some soundings were taken off Way's 
Eeef. 

The results of these observations were — 

1st. The ebb-current runs swifter than the flood-current over Way's 
Eeef. 

2d. That the velocity of tidal currents gradually diminishes from the 
channel-end of the reef toward the shore-end. 

3d. Maximum ebb and flood currents set in nearly opposite directions, 
the angle of the divergence being twenty degrees. 

4th. Ebb-current assumes near the northeastern extremity of Way's 
Eeef a velocity of over three nautical miles per hour during mean tides. 

5th. The change of current happens near the stands. 

6th. Mean rise and fall of tides is in Pot Cove six feet. 

7th. About four hundred feet to the eastward of the reef the water 
reaches a depth of sixty-five feet at mean low water, and to the west- 
ward of the reef the depth of water is about forty feet. 

Eanges were established for locating the center anchors with regard 
to this condition, favoring the direction of the stronger ebb-current, and 
allowing about four hundred and fifty feet of chain for the (east) for- 
ward center anchor, and three hundred and fifty feet for the (west) aft 
center anchor. 

The (south) port anchors were carried close inshore, in order to take 
advantage of the less disturbed waters of Pot Cove, for change of 
position of the scow when it is moved off the charged drill-holes. The 



chain at our disposal did not allow a large scope : still it was found 
necessary to change the position of the anchors but four times. 

Independent of the center-anchor ranges, seven signals for sextant- 
observations were erected along the Astoria shore, and additional sets 
of ranges for indicating the center-line and the two ends of the reef. 
A large tide-gauge staff, which could be read from the deck of the scow, 
was set up to secure a constant and reliable reference to mean low 
water. 

The average working force of the United States steam drilling- 
scow, while engaged on Way's Eeef, numbered thirty-seven men, con- 
sisting, besides myself, of one mechanical draughtsman, two divers, one 
chief carpenter, two carpenters, one engineer, eight drillers, one blaster, 
one blacksmith and two blacksmith helpers, twelve sailors, two firemen, 
one time-keeper on the dredge, and one tide-gauge keeper on board of 
the scow. 

This crew was divided into two gangs. The day-gang, thirty strong, 
commenced operations at 7.30 a. m., and continued work, under ordi- 
nary circumstances, until 4.30 p. m. The running of anchors, placing 
the scow in position, lowering the dome, charging and firing the drill- 
holes and surface-blasts, and the survey with the open frame were com- 
mitted to their charge. 

The night-gang consisted of one diver and four sailors, making sub- 
marine surveys,, and marking, with weights, the points for drilling. If 
drilling continued at night, the force of the night-gang was augmented 
by the required number of drillers and firemen, taken from the day- 
gang. They also connected the plugs which stop each drill-hole with 
plug- lines, and hoisted the dome. 

Every week the personnel of the night-gang was changed. 

Each position of the dome was located by myself during the drilling- 
operations, by means of sextant-observations, both in reference to the 
center and the center -line of the dome. These positions were plotted 
by myself, and finally transferred upon the drill-hole sheet, upon which 
each separate hole, as actually drilled, charged, and exploded, was care- 
fully laid down. The said map is herewith respectfully presented. 

Whenever ledges of rock occurred drawing less than the required 
depth, the dome was lowered upon them and drilling instituted. Small, 
rocky points projecting above the twenty -six-foot curve were surface- 
blasted. 

Advantage was taken of the knowledge of tides and tidal currents 
to work nearer the shore-end of the reef during spring- tides, and the 
channel-edge was visited during and near neap-tides. 

This management had the additional advantage of reducing the force 
as well as the number of collisions. Three collisions happened, never- 
theless, while anchored over Way's Reef, but all of them without note- 
worthy damage to the colliding crafts. 

Tin cans of conical shape, allowing about three-eighths inch play with 



the sides of the drill-holes, and in length equal to the depth of the 
hole, were used to contain the charges of nitro-glycerine. 

In shattered rock, where a filling of the drill-hole could not be pre- 
vented by the use of the wooden drill-hole plug, an empty cartridge was 
inserted into the hole directly after the withdrawal of the drill. 

A second cartridge, charged with the explosive, equal in length to 
the first, but of smaller diameter, was afterwards inserted in the empty 
tin tube. 

A stopper made of old rope " shakings n was forced into, and secured 
to the muzzle of the filled cans, in order to prevent the spilling of the 
explosive fluid in lowering the charges. 

Cylindrical and prismatic cartridges were used for surface-blasting. 
The form and dimensions of the shells were suited to the configuration 
of the bottom, projecting above the twenty-six-foot curve and subject to 
removal. 

These charges were provided with weights and lines to secure close 
contact to the rocky surfaces. 

The nitro-glycerine was furnished by the Messrs. Mowbray, Gilbert, 
and Warren. It stood well all qualitative tests. The nitro-glycerine 
was stored in the magazine on Flood Eock until the floating ice inter- 
fered with communication between the rock and the scow. From this 
time out, from the end of December, 1874, the nitro-glycerine was care- 
fully secured on board the scow. 

The frozen nitro-glycerine was warmed in a large wooden tank, filled 
with water not exceeding in temperature 85° Fahrenheit. The tins 
containing the explosive were placed directly in the tank. This manip- 
ulation was commenced about four hours before charging the holes. 

Previous to the explosion of the charges the remaining stock of nitro- 
glycerine was sent off about six hundred feet from the reef, in a row- 
boat, in order to remove it without the sphere of explosion by concus- 
sion. 

The drilling-scow was withdrawn a distance of one hundred and fifty 
feet for charges below one hundred and seventy-five pounds, and a dis- 
tance of about two hundred and fifty feet for charges upward and to 
five hundred pounds. These distances were exceeded whenever the 
holes were drilled into the more projecting part of the reef, and partic- 
ularly whenever the direction of a hole, owing to the " canting" of the 
dome, made a " blowing-out ? in the direction of the scow probable. 

During the month of September, 1874, 1 experimented with the fuses 
offered in the market, to test their capacity and merits in exploding 
frozen nitro-glycerine. 

These investigations resulted in the construction and adoption of two 
improved fuses, one for frictional and one for voltaic electricity, which 
* are safe to handle, are impermeable to water, and fully reliable to ex- 
plode frozen nitro-glycerine. 

Said fuses contain in the bottom of a stout copper cap twenty-five 



8 

grains of fulminate of mercury, which effects the initial explosion of 
the nitro-glycerine charge. The fulminate-charge itself is fired by 
Brown's No. 4 composition in the fuses for friction-batteries, and by the 
ignition of gun-cotton in the fuses for voltaic electricity. In the first 
case, the electric spark jumping across between the ends of the con- 
necting wires decomposes the priming ; in the second case, fine plat- 
inum wire, heated by the voltaic action, fires the gun-cotton priming. 
In both fuses the priming is contained in hollow cylindrical wooden cases. 
Paper disks cover the priming and press it to the wires. 

These wooden priming-cases act as plugs for the stout copper caps 
into which they are forced. The water-tight union between cap and 
plug is secured by indenting the former into the wood of the latter. 
In addition, the fuses are steeped in a mixture of bee's-wax, rosin, and 
tallow. 

[Smith's friction-battery and Bunsen's trough-battery were employed 
for igniting the fuses used as motors in exploding the nitro-glycerine 
charges. 

Gutta-percha-covered wires formed the connection between battery 
and charges. Much wire was saved by the substitution of underground 
conductors in place of a continuous wire-circuit. 

Owing to the close proximity of the shore-line, limiting the maximum 
charge to about five hundred pounds of nitro-glycerine, the number of 
holes simultaneously fired was reduced to nine. 

Not one misfire happened. 

The blasted rock was taken up by Messrs. Morris & Cuming's 
dredge, which was set to work when the debris of the blasts had spread 
over the greater part of the reef. 

The effect of an average blast on this reef is to cover with debris the 
xock within a circle of about forty feet diameter. 

Owing to an increase in the diameter of the drill-holes by the intro- 
duction of 5Jinch bits in place of the original 3J-inch bits, while 
retaining the primitive distance between the drills, the rock^was well 
broken up by the blasts ; thus a vital point was gained in submarine 
dredging. Care was taken to keep both dredge and scow steadily busy. 

In the beginning and until more favorable arrangements could be 
made, the dredged debris was dumped by the scow force, with permis- 
sion of riparian owners, within the established bulkhead-line of 1857, 
along the Astoria shore. 

Afterward, the commissioners of public charities and correction 
imade application to take loaded scows away and used the dredged ma- 
terial for filling in at Blackwell's Island. 

The scows had an average capacity of two hundred and fifty tons. 

The commissioners, in discharging or dumping this material, frequently 
exposed the scows to hard rubs, and the owners declined to have these 
further employed in this manner. We unloaded them afterward' with 
the working-force of the scow, until Morris & Cumin gs, for the sake of 
using the stone, relieved us of this duty at their own risk and expense. 



9 

After the grapple-machine had nearly cleared the reef of the debris, 
it was transferred to the Harlem. Biver, where it was employed in the 
removal of the old bridge-abutments obstructing navigation between 
East One hundred and fourteenth street and Ward's Island. 

A stone-rake attached to the steamer Geneva was now employed to 
complete the removal of the blasted rock by sweeping it into deeper 
water on both sides of the center line of the reef. 

Between the time of the arrival of the scow over Way's Reef, at 12.15 
p. m. August 4, 1874, and to the date of the successful removal of the 
reef, 4.30 p. m. January 20, 1875, about i34 hours were occupied in the 
systematic survey and resurvey of the whole reef, by means of divers, 
following a horizontal bar dragged over the rock and lowered to the re- 
quired depth, corrected for the stage of tide by reference to the tide- 
gauge reading. 

This horizontal bar, a three-inch iron pipe, eighteen feet long, was 
fastened at its extremities to two wrought-iron uprights graduated in 
feet and halves. The whole frame could be raised and lowered to any 
depth by means of windlasses secured to two coupled pontons. 

When sweeping with this "sounding-machine" the uprights were held 
by guys in a vertical plane. Each time the frame struck, the character 
of the obstruction was thoroughly examined. Loose stone was either 
hoisted on deck or rolled into deeper water by the divers. Imbedded 
rock was submitted, as the case seemed to call for, either to drilling and 
blasting or to surface-blasting processes. An additional verifying sweep 
was made after this operation. If the result was not entirely satisfac- 
tory, the attempts to complete the removal were continued until the 
frame passed freely over all previous obstructions. In all, the dome 
was lowered sixty-five times for drilling purposes. Drill-pipes were 
sometimes shifted in position with a view of producing a larger number 
of sound-holes. 

Sometimes the dome was shifted for this purpose also. 

In addition to the sixty-five drill-hole blasts, sixteen surface-blasts 
were exploded. 

The following exhibits the resume of the drilling and blasting and 
dredging operations : 

Total number of holes drilled, 262 ; total number of feet drilled, 2,130.4. 

Total amount of explosives used were — 

For 65 drill-hole blasts, 15,308 pounds 12 ounces nitro-glycerine. 

For 16 surface-blasts, 1,484 pounds nitroglycerine and 38 pounds 8 
ounces dynamite. 

Cubic yards of rock removed, 3,029. 

Total time of dredging, 86 days, 10 hours, 21 minutes; total time of 
stone-raking, 58 hours, 35 minutes. 

Average number of feet of drilled holes to each cubic yard, 0.7. 

Average number of pounds of nitro-glycerine to each cubic yard, 5.54. 



10 

Average number of feet of holes drilled by each machine, per shift of 
8 hours, 6.5. 

Average depth of holes, feet, 8.13. 

Average cost of linear foot of hole drilled, including placing of scow, 
lowering dome, expenses for drilling, cost of sharpening drills, expend- 
iture of steel, hoisting up dome after drilling-operations, and heaving 
off scow, $2.05. 

Average cost of sharpening a drill, $1.41. 

Average number of feet drilled to each sharpening, 8.13. 

Expenditure of steel to each foot of hole drilled, 2 pounds 7 ounces. 

Average cost of dredging and dumping one cubic yard of debris, $4.29. 

In spite of the dangerous character of the work and the exposed 
position occupied by the scow on Way's Reef, no fatal accident happened 
during the whole season. 

Before closing this report, I beg leave to congratulate you upon your 
eminently successful design, the " United States Steam-Drilling- Scow," 
assuring you, at the same time, there is no doubt in my mind that the 
United States Steam-Drilling-Scow, worked by last year's crew of picked 
men, will successfully remove any submerged rocky obstructions to a 
greater depth, in a shorter time, and at lower rates than any contracting 
party. 

I have the honor to remain, general, very respectfully, your obedient 
servant, 

Julius H. Striedinger, 

Civil Engineer. 
* Bvt. Maj. Gen. John Newton, 

Lieut. Col. 7 Corps of Engineers. 



Tabular statement of blasting-operations at Way's Reef, Hell Gate, N. Y. 





Number— 


Depth- 


Size of 
bit. 


Charge of nitro- 


Remarks. 


Number of blast. 


Of drill-hole. 


glycerine. 


y 


Answering 
drill-pipe. 


Feet. 


Inches. 


Inches. 


Pounds. 


Ounces. 


Plugged with— 


1 


( & 
• M « 

14 
17 

( U 
15 

\l 

I It 

( 10 
1 16 

1 13 
I 14 


7 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 

6 

13 

5 

7 
6 
9 

14 
9 
5 

8 


10 

Oi 

6 
10 

6 

7 

9 

44 

4 
3 

8 



41 
44 

41 
4* 
4* 
4* 

4§ 
4| 
4 

4i 
4* 
44 

4i 

4f 
4i 
44 


66 
46 
46 
59 
46 
55 

44 
107 
34 
54 
44 
74 

88 
57 
35 
50 


8 
8 

8 




2 




3 









11 



Tabular statement of blasting-operations at Way's Beef, $c. — Continued. 



Number of blast. 



9. 
10. 
11. 

12. 

13. 
14. 

15. 

16. 
17. 

18. 

19. 
20. 



Number — Depth 



Of drill-hole. 



Answering 
drill-pipe. 


Feet. 


f 17 


5 


6 


3 


< 5 


8 


7 


7 


I 14 


10 


f 3 


7 


17 


6 


1 2 


2 


I 13J. 


2 


( 17 


10 


I 8 


8 


( 15* 


12 


f 2 


15 


3 


10 


1 8 


12 


1 9 


6 


f 14 


9 


17 


11 


1.54 


7 


S 6 


11 


8 


9 


9 


7 


I 11 


8 


17J 


8 


C 16 


11 


< 134 


10 


( 14 


12 


17* 


7 


f 11 


9 


17 


9 


14 


10 


S 4 


10 


5 


11 


6 


9 


1 v 


12 


( 7 


8 


S 8 


9 


( 15 


9 


f I 3 


7 


16J 


11 


S I 7 


8 


14 


9 


I 5 


8 


( 17 


11 


< 164 


9 


( 154 


12 


C 16* 


10 


< 17 


9 


( 144 


3 


17 


11 


( m 


12 


< 14 


9 


( 144 


10 


r 144 


12 


J m 


12 


1 16 


10 


I 13 


8 


( 134 

] 17 

( 144 


13 


6 


11 



Inches. 



1 

11 

5 

9 


7 
6 

1 

7 
2 

24 
6 
10 
6 

1 


8 
6 
6 

7 
04 



8 
5 
6 

24 

10 

8 

2 

6 

6 

6 
10 

6 
1 
3 

6 
10 

8 

2 
10 

2 

10 

6 

8 
7 
6 

4f 

2 

8 

11 

4 
11 

9 
11 

6 

10 

2 



Size of 
bit. 



Inches. 



44 
44 
4g 
44 



44 
44 
34 
4 

44 



44 

44 

44 
44 

44 
44 
44 

44 
4 

44 
44 

4J 

4 
4 

44 



3* 

44 
44 
44 
3| 
44 
44 

3| 

44 
4 

44 
44 
44 
44 
44 

44 
4 

44 

44 
44 
4 

44 

4J 
44 
4 

4 

4 

44 

44 

44 
44 
4 



Charge of nitro- 
glycerine. 



Pounds. 



44 
36 
66 
66 

80 

66 
50 
44 

28 

75 
64 

78 

82 
82 
82 
51 

72 
82 
58 
82 
72 
57 
58 

43 

83 

82 
82 

65 

65 

72 
80 
80 
80 
72 
84 

60 
71 

72 

66 
92 

77 
79 
85 

81 
73 

89 

90 
83 
32 

69 

91 

76 
55 

96 
96 
81 
64 

99 
56 
80 



Ounces, 



Eemarks. 



Plugged with — 



12 



Tabular statement of blasting-operations at Way's Beef, Src. — Continued. 



Number of blast. 



21. 
22 

23, 

24 
25 

26 

27 
28 
29, 
30 

31 

32 
33 
34 

35 

36 

37 

8 

39 



Number- 



Depth - 



Of drill-hole. 



Answering 
drill-pipe. 



16 
17 

14* 

13 

171 
14 

3 

4 
14 
13 

16 
17 
15 

17 
16J 

13 
131 

7 

9 

6 

17 

10 
7 



16 
17 

141 

13 
17 

16 

15 
16 

17J 

15 
16 
13 

16 

14* 

13 

151 

17* 
161 

17 

9 

141 

16 
151 



16 
151 

14 
15 

1 

3 

11 
13 

17 
14 

8* 



Feet. 



10 
10 
11 

13 
12 
7 
10 
11 
10 
12 

4 
3 
6 

9 
6 

12 
12 

11 

7 
13 
12 



5 

8 
12 



9 
12 

13 
10 

7 

11 

10 
10 

9 
13 

5 
9 



6 

8 
6 

10 
9 

9 
6 
6 



13 

9 
5 

4 

9 

6 

12 



Inches. 



1 

2 
4 

7 
2 
6 
2 

6 
1 




51 

2 
71 

4 

21 

1 
3 

6 
6 

6 
7 
11 



61 
6 

5 

31 

1 

2 
6 
5 

6 

2 
4 

10 

8 

6 
9 

11 

7 

5 
11 
61 

10 
10 

10 



31 
6 

10 
4 



Size of 
bit. 



Inches. 



41 

4 

4 

41 
41 
41 
41 

4i 
41 
41 

41 
4| 
41 

5 
41 



4| 
4f 
4| 
41 

41 
4* 

4i 



4 

41 

41 

41 
41 
41 

5 

4| 

4i 

4J 
41 

41 



41 



4| 

P 

4f 



41 
4* 
4| 

41 
4f 
5 
41 

5 

5 

51 
4| 
41 



Charge of nitro- 
glycerine. 



Pounds. 



85 

85 
85 

44 

84 
52 

83 
83 

82 
83 

36 

28 
54 

78 
56 

87 
87 

80 
52 

82 
83 

52 
75 
67 

48 
60 
76 

63 

78 
86 

85 
85 
54 

84 
80 
80 

79 

79 

42 
75 

70 
70 

45 
63 
45 

74 
73 

73 
52 
51 

47 
77 
77 
47 

45 
73 

51 

78 
63 



Ounces. 



Remarks. 



Plugged with — 



13 



Tabular statement of blasting-operations at Way's Beef, tyc. — Continued. 





Number — 


Depth- 


Size of 
bit. 


Charge of nitro- 


Remarks. 


Number of blast. 


Of drill-hole. 


glycerine. 




Answering 
drill-pipe. 


Feet. 


Inches. 


Inches. 


Pounds. 


Ounces. 


Plugged with — 


40 


C 14 

i 16 

f 16 
f 17 
1 14* 
I 16* 

f 1 

1 13 
I 13| 

( 17 
\ 13 

r 4 
ii 

■ x \ 

13 
14 

f 12 

11 

1 10 

1 16 

17J 

13$ 

r 4 

1 

i 13 

17 

I 14 

{ 3 

( 13 
15 

? 

17 

16 

f 5 
11 
16 

i* 

12 
13 
14 

( « 

1 

< 17 
13 
21 

f 3 
9 

10 
11 

\ 13 
18 

12 

17 

I 14 


8 
5 
5 

11 
11 
11 

9 

6 

8 
6 • 

8 

15 
12 

11 

8 
8 
8 
7 
10 

4 
3 

5 
7 
6 
5 

5 
9 
4 
6 
5 

5 
2 
6 
6 

7 
8 
3 
4 
7 
8 

8 
6 
8 


9 
10 

5 

3 
3 

3 

9 
2 

6 

10 
7 

10 
7 

10 
4 


5 

5 1-16 

5 1-12 

44 
4| 
4J 
5 

3£ 

4 

4| 

44 

4i 
41 

4* 
44 
44 
4| 

4| 

44 


69 
54 
54 

70 
70 
70 
57 

45 
60 
53 
60 

76 
75 

70 
55 
55 
55 

48 
62 

37 

37 
44 
58 
54 
52 

49 
65 
39 
49 
49 

46 
39 
53 
47 

52 
60 
30 
37 
52 
48 

54 
45 
52 
20 
20 
54 
35 
35 

65 
58 
56 
52 
44 

34 
35 
42 
42 
49 
42 
42 
49 
49 


8 
8 

8 

8 

8 
8 




41 




42 . 




43 




44 . 








45.-.. 


5 
3 
5 

7 
4 

8 

8 

9 

10 

1 

8 
8 
11 
9 
9 
3* 

6 
9 


5 3-16 
5* 

4| 
44 
41 

44 
4* 

44 
44 
4 

4 
5 
5 

4* 

4* 
41 
5 
4f 

44 
44 




46.. 




47 

48... 


























3-foot cartridge. 
Do. 












8 
5 
5 

10 
8 
7 
7 
5 


9 


45 










4 
2 

7 
3 

8 












50 






















5-foot cartridge. 








51 i 


9 

6 

10 


5 
10 
5§ 


4* 


6-foot cartridge. 

Do. 
7-foot cartridge. 
6-foot cartridge. 












Do. 




9 

8 






7-foot cartridge 
Do. 




6 





14 



Tabular statement of blasting-operations at Way's Beef, #-c— 


•Continued. 




Number — 


Depth— 


Size of 
bit. 


Charge of nitro- 
glycerine. 


"Remarks. 


Number of blast. 


Of drill-hole. 




Answering 
drill-pipe. 


Feet. Inches. 


Inches. 


Pounds. 


Ounces. 


Plugged with — 


52 


f io 

14 

15 

16 

17 

8 

7 

I 6 

l » 

16 

< 14 
17 

6 
15 

10 
13 
16 

< 14 
17 

9 
11 

{ J 
{ " 

C 16 

[ 15* 

C 13 

< 15* 
( 21 

f 6 

7 

8 
20 

16 
11 
12 

' 5 

6 

16 

19 

4 

15J 

f 6 

9 

16 

10 

11 

17 

r i 

12 

s ii 

13 
3 

f 15 
14 

<! 17 

I !S 

( 10 


7 
8 
6 
5 
9 
4 
8 
4 

9 

7 


10 

6 
3 
5 
3 

8 
1 

4 


44 
• 4f 
5 
4i 
« 
4| 
4# 
5 


43 

43 
43 
35 
43 
35 
43 
35 

42 
42 
35 
. 42 
35 
42 
42 

50 
37 
37 
37 
37 
50 
36 

65 
52 

57 
57 

78 
77 

58 
58 
58 

41 
48 
41 
41 
20 
28 
21 
42 
49 

64 
49 
35 
64 
64 
36 

35 
48 
48 
41 
71 

59 


8 
8 

8 
8 

8 
8 

8 
8 

8 


6-foot cartridge. 

Do. 

Do. 
5-foot cartridge. 
6-foot cartridge. 
5-foot cartridge. 
6 -foot cartridge. 
5-foot cartridge. 

6-foot cartridge. 












5-foot cartridge. 


53 , 


5 


ii ! 


ft 




Do. 










6-foot cartridge. 
Do. 


















7-foot cartridge. 
5-foot cartridge. 


















54 








Do. 










Do. 










7-foot cartridge. 










5-foot cartridge. 


55 


8 
8 

7 

8 

10 
10 

7 
9 

7 

6 
7 
6 
5 
3 
4 
3 
6 
7 

10 

7 

5 

11 

11 

5 


3 
9 

6 
5 

10 
2 

3 

9 
2 


ft 


7-foot cartridge. 
Do. 






56 




Do. 


57 


41 
4& 




7-foot cartridge. 


58 




Do. 






Do. 






6-foot cartridge. 




4 




7-foot cartridge. 






6-foot cartridge. 




8 




Do. 


59 .... 




3-foot cartridge. 




11 
2 
1 

10 




4-foot cartridge. 






3-foot cartridge. 






6-foot cartridge. 






7-foot cartridge. 






9-foot cartridge. 








7-foot cartridge. 




3 

4 
2 

8 




5-foot cartridge. 


60 




9-foot cartridge. 

Do. 
5-foot cartridge. 




ft 






Do. 










7-foot cartridge. 


61 








Do. 




6 
11 

7 

6 
5 
5 
6 
5 

9 
9 
4 
7 
2 

7 

5 

10 


10 












62 


2 

10 
3 
6 
4 
5 
















39 
39 
45 
39 

49 
49 
37 
42 
37 

65 
50 
52 


8 

8 




63 






















7-foot cartridge. 




6 

8 

10 




Do. 


64 




5-foot cartridge. 






6-foot cartridge. 






5-foot cartridge. 


65.... 


10 
6 
2 


4* 
4* 






7-foot cartridge. 









o 



/ 



PART OF GENERAL MAP 

S HOWIN& LOCATION OF "WAXS HEEF 

Scale 1 5000 




soo 3<» 



t MAJ. GENL. JOHN NEWTOTUIS A, 




REMOVAL OE OBSTRUCTIONS TO NAVIGATION. HELL GATE. NEW YORK HARBOR. TN CHARGE OEBVT.MAJ 



GENL. JOHN NEWTON.U.SA. 




■RESUME OF OPERATIONS 

Total uiuunt uf mjl.riyi» n.».I B» 65 dull U> likda 15308 lb. X ... Nilru Uyc 

If. fnrfesu bln'» 4 
• - ( 3» » pniuint 

Tolil i.mtil.ev mI Mm drill"! - ZB - 

,,,,, 213U 'i 

Mm Junta i.r rurk lakrll up by dredge 3P* 8 

Tilid i>«< ol 1 cubit tint of mk nwmd 518.26 «• 



ENGINEER DEPARTMENT, U. S. ARMY. 



REPORT OF THE OPERATIONS 



OF THE 



U. S. STEAM DRILLING-SCOW 



IN THE 



REMOVAL OF WAY'S REEF, 



HELL GATE, NEW YORK, 



IN CHARGE OF 



JOHN NEWTON, 

LIEUT. COL. OF ENGINEERS, BVT. MAJ. GEN. U. S. A. 



WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
18 7 5. 



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